Insecurity in children is characterized by a lack of self-confidence and a persistent feeling of uncertainty about their own worth, abilities, and relationships. This insecurity often stems from a fear of abandonment, rejection, or failure, which can be rooted in past traumatic experiences. Children who feel insecure may constantly seek reassurance and validation from others, struggle to trust people, and have difficulty forming healthy attachments.
When a child experiences trauma, their brain's stress response system becomes hyperactive, leading to increased production of stress hormones like cortisol. This can cause the amygdala, the brain's fear center, to become overactive, making the child more sensitive to perceived threats and more prone to feelings of fear and anxiety. Simultaneously, trauma can impair the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for emotional regulation and impulse control. As a result, children with a history of trauma may display a range of behaviors related to their insecurity and fear, such as clinginess, withdrawal, aggression, or difficulty regulating their emotions. They may also struggle with sleep disturbances, concentration problems, and physical symptoms like headaches or stomachaches.
The Whispers of Doubt: Exploring Insecurity in Childhood
In the face of life's uncertainties, some children find themselves grappling with an all-consuming sense of insecurity that permeates their very being. This insecurity, a relentless companion, whispers doubts about their worth, abilities, and the stability of their relationships, leaving them in a constant state of unease. The roots of this insecurity often lie in the soil of past traumas, where the fear of abandonment, rejection, or failure has taken hold, casting a shadow over their young lives.
From Trauma to Trust: Rebuilding a Child's Sense of Self-Worth
Rebuilding Foundations: The Wagon Method for Nurturing Insecure Children
Insecure children from difficult backgrounds may struggle with feelings of self-doubt, fear of abandonment, and a constant need for reassurance. Their early experiences of inconsistent or absent caregiving have left them with a sense of uncertainty about their worthiness and lovability.
Using the Wagon Method, we can understand how an insecure child's Wheels of Well-being may be compromised. Their sense of safety and stability has been disrupted by traumatic events or chaotic home environments, leaving them hypervigilant and easily overwhelmed. They may not have experienced consistent love and acceptance, leading to a fragile sense of identity and self-worth.
The insecure child's Grounded Experiences, the contents of their wagon, are likely weighed down by painful memories and unmet emotional needs. They may carry a heavy burden of shame, anger, or sadness, which colors their perceptions and reactions to new situations.
Navigating the Outside Obstacles of life can be particularly challenging for an insecure child. The rough terrain of social interactions may feel treacherous, as they fear rejection or criticism from others. River crossings, such as school transitions or family changes, can trigger intense anxiety and feelings of helplessness. Hostile encounters with bullies or critical adults may reinforce their negative self-image and desire to withdraw.
In the face of these challenges, the insecure child desperately needs a strong Nurturing Network, a convoy of supportive wagons to surround and protect them. Caring Advocates can provide the consistent, attuned presence they crave, helping them to feel seen, understood, and valued. Within a safe, predictable environment, the child can begin to explore their Grounded Experiences, gradually unloading the burdens of their past.
Over time, with patient, loving support, the insecure child can start to internalize a more positive sense of self. They may feel more comfortable expressing their needs, trying new things, and forming close relationships. While their wagon may always bear the marks of their early struggles, they can learn to travel with greater confidence, resilience, and hope.
For caregivers, understanding an insecure child through the lens of the Wagon Method can foster greater empathy, patience, and attunement. By focusing on strengthening the child's Wheels of Well-being, processing their Grounded Experiences, and providing a consistent Nurturing Network, they can help the child to navigate life's obstacles and discover their own unique path to healing and growth.
Using the Wagon Method, we can understand how an insecure child's Wheels of Well-being may be compromised. Their sense of safety and stability has been disrupted by traumatic events or chaotic home environments, leaving them hypervigilant and easily overwhelmed. They may not have experienced consistent love and acceptance, leading to a fragile sense of identity and self-worth.
The insecure child's Grounded Experiences, the contents of their wagon, are likely weighed down by painful memories and unmet emotional needs. They may carry a heavy burden of shame, anger, or sadness, which colors their perceptions and reactions to new situations.
Navigating the Outside Obstacles of life can be particularly challenging for an insecure child. The rough terrain of social interactions may feel treacherous, as they fear rejection or criticism from others. River crossings, such as school transitions or family changes, can trigger intense anxiety and feelings of helplessness. Hostile encounters with bullies or critical adults may reinforce their negative self-image and desire to withdraw.
In the face of these challenges, the insecure child desperately needs a strong Nurturing Network, a convoy of supportive wagons to surround and protect them. Caring Advocates can provide the consistent, attuned presence they crave, helping them to feel seen, understood, and valued. Within a safe, predictable environment, the child can begin to explore their Grounded Experiences, gradually unloading the burdens of their past.
Over time, with patient, loving support, the insecure child can start to internalize a more positive sense of self. They may feel more comfortable expressing their needs, trying new things, and forming close relationships. While their wagon may always bear the marks of their early struggles, they can learn to travel with greater confidence, resilience, and hope.
For caregivers, understanding an insecure child through the lens of the Wagon Method can foster greater empathy, patience, and attunement. By focusing on strengthening the child's Wheels of Well-being, processing their Grounded Experiences, and providing a consistent Nurturing Network, they can help the child to navigate life's obstacles and discover their own unique path to healing and growth.
List of Services
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Anxious Anxious children live constantly on high alert, are consumed by a relentless stream of worries and fears that rob them of the carefree joys of childhood. The invisible weight of anxiety bears down upon them, manifesting in physical symptoms that leave them trembling, sweating, and gasping for air. For some of these children, the roots of their anxiety can be traced back to the dark soil of trauma, where painful experiences have left indelible marks on their developing brains, forever altering the way they perceive and respond to the world around them.Anxious
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Embarrassed Have you ever felt your cheeks burn with self-conscious emotion, wishing you could disappear into thin air? This complex emotion emerges when a child perceives themselves as exposed, whether it's due to a mistake made in front of others, being singled out, or failing to meet social expectations. Embarrassment plays a crucial role in a child's development, helping them navigate the intricate web of social norms and boundaries, but for those who have experienced trauma, this feeling can be amplified to an overwhelming degree.Embarrassed
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Excluded For children, the pain of exclusion can be particularly acute, as their social connections and sense of belonging are vital pillars in their emotional well-being and overall development. Tragically, for children who have endured trauma, the feeling of exclusion can trigger a heightened stress response in the brain, leading to a cascade of emotional and behavioral challenges that can have far-reaching consequences.Excluded
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Fearful Fearful children may startle easily, struggle to separate from their caregivers, and avoid situations or objects that they perceive as threatening, leading to significant challenges in their social and emotional development. Understanding the underlying causes of fearfulness, such as traumatic experiences that can alter brain development and heighten the sensitivity of the threat response system, is crucial for providing effective support and interventions to help these children overcome their fears and thrive.Fearful
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Frightened When a child is frightened, their world is suddenly turned upside down by an overwhelming sense of terror and vulnerability. The physical and emotional responses that accompany this intense fear can be both distressing and all-consuming, leaving the child feeling helpless and desperate for safety. For children who have experienced trauma, the fear response can be even more severe, easily triggered by reminders of past traumatic events. Trauma-informed parenting approaches aim to provide a safe haven for these children, offering understanding, stability, and nurturing support to help them navigate their fears and begin the journey towards emotional healing.Frightened
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Insecure In the face of life's uncertainties, some children find themselves grappling with an all-consuming sense of insecurity that permeates their very being. This insecurity, a relentless companion, whispers doubts about their worth, abilities, and the stability of their relationships, leaving them in a constant state of unease. The roots of this insecurity often lie in the soil of past traumas, where the fear of abandonment, rejection, or failure has taken hold, casting a shadow over their young lives.Insecure
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Nervous Nervousness, a close companion of fear, grips children in its unsettling embrace, causing their hearts to race and their minds to wrestle with worries both real and imagined. This uneasy emotion can spring from various sources, from the unfamiliarity of new surroundings to the anticipation of a daunting challenge, leaving children with sweaty palms and a fluttering sensation in their stomachs. For those who have experienced trauma, the amygdala – the brain's emotional processing center – becomes hyperactive, heightening their sensitivity to potential threats and leaving them more susceptible to the clutches of nervousness. Trauma's lingering impact can manifest in heightened anxiety, emotional reactivity, and difficulty regulating emotions, leading children to cope through avoidance or aggression as they navigate the turbulent waters of their nervous feelings.Nervous
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Panic For children who have experienced trauma, this state of panic can be easily triggered by even the smallest of stressors, as their brain's threat detection system has become hypersensitive due to the lasting impact of their past experiences. Trauma-informed parenting is crucial in helping these children navigate their panic and fear, providing them with a safe haven where they can feel validated, supported, and empowered to develop the coping skills needed to tame their inner demons.Panic
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Regret For children who have experienced trauma, regret can be particularly intense, as they may grapple with feelings of self-blame, worthlessness, or helplessness, which can be further compounded by the heightened activity in the amygdala, leading to increased anxiety and stress. The manifestation of regret in children who have experienced trauma can take many forms, such as excessive apologizing, self-criticism, withdrawal, or seeking reassurance, as they navigate the challenges of trust and forming healthy relationships while fearing the prospect of causing disappointment or being abandoned.Regret
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Scared Fear is a powerful emotion that can grip a child's heart and mind, leaving them feeling vulnerable and unsure in the face of perceived danger. When a child is scared, their world suddenly becomes a place filled with shadows and uncertainty, where every unfamiliar sound or sight could potentially harm them. This intense experience is a natural response hardwired into their developing brains, designed to protect them from threats both real and imagined. By understanding the complexities of a child's fear response, we can better support them through these challenging moments and help them build the resilience needed to navigate an often-unpredictable world.Scared
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Shy Shyness in children is a perplexing phenomenon that can leave parents and caregivers feeling helpless and concerned. These children, often characterized by their reluctance to engage in social situations and their tendency to seek refuge behind familiar faces, are not merely introverted or reserved. Rather, their behavior is rooted in a deep-seated fear of the unknown, a trepidation that can be traced back to the intricate workings of their developing brains. While shyness is a common part of childhood development, it can be amplified by traumatic experiences, leading to a more pronounced and persistent form of social anxiety.Shy
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Terrified In a world where childhood should be filled with laughter and joy, the reality for some children is a stark contrast, as they find themselves gripped by an all-consuming terror. When a child is terrified, their world becomes a frightening place, where even the most ordinary experiences can trigger an overwhelming sense of fear and distress. This intense emotional state can manifest in a range of physical and emotional responses, from uncontrollable shaking and crying to a desperate need for safety and protection. The impact of terror on a child's developing brain can be profound, leaving lasting imprints that shape their emotional and behavioral well-being for years to come.Terrified
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Worried When a child is trapped in a cycle of worry, their young mind becomes consumed by a relentless undercurrent of unease and fear. This emotional whirlpool can be especially turbulent for children who have endured the scars of trauma, as their brains have been rewired to perceive threats lurking around every corner. The weight of these worries can manifest in myriad ways, from clinging tightly to caregivers for reassurance to avoiding situations that trigger their deepest fears. Trapped in this storm of anxiety, these children often struggle to find solace, their days haunted by the specter of "what if" scenarios that rob them of the carefree joys of childhood.Worried
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Disconnected In a world where connection is the foundation of human thriving, the state of disconnection in a child is a haunting reality that demands our attention. When a child feels emotionally distant, detached, and isolated from others, they are often trapped in a vortex of fear, their young minds grappling with the aftershocks of trauma that have shattered their sense of safety and trust. The very essence of their being is torn asunder, as they withdraw from the warmth of social interactions, their hearts yearning for close bonds that seem forever out of reach, and their emotions locked away in a fortress of silence. The echoes of their pain reverberate through their brain, a symphony of hyperactivity in the amygdala and impairment in the hippocampus, manifesting in a kaleidoscope of emotional outbursts, aggression, clinginess, or extreme shyness, a testament to the depth of their struggle to process and cope with the weight of their experiences.Disconnected
Related Fearful
The Story of feeling Insecure
Out of the Ashes: How an Orphaned Pioneer Girl Found Friends and Family
Sarah stared down at her worn, hand-me-down dress as she walked hesitantly into the one-room schoolhouse. At 8 years old, she was joining the wagon train heading west much later than most of the other children. Her ma had passed away from cholera just a month ago, leaving her orphaned since she never knew her pa. The wagon train took pity and allowed her to come along, but she was passed between families, never feeling like she truly belonged.
As she entered the schoolhouse, the other children turned to look at her curiously. Sarah lowered her gaze, her cheeks flushing with embarrassment and shame at her ragged appearance compared to their neat clothes. She found an empty seat in the back and sat down, hoping to disappear.
When the teacher asked the class to take out their readers, Sarah felt her stomach drop. She didn't have any books or supplies of her own. Tears threatened behind her eyes as she sat empty-handed.
"Here Sarah, we can share mine," whispered the girl next to her with a kind smile, sliding her book between them. Sarah looked at her, surprised by the unexpected friendly gesture. "I'm Elizabeth. My family is traveling out to Oregon. Where are you headed?"
"Oregon too, I think," Sarah replied quietly. "I...I don't really have a family. My ma died and I never knew my pa. I don't have any brothers or sisters."
Elizabeth's eyes softened with sympathy and understanding. "I'm sorry. That must be really hard. Well, I can be your friend! Us girls need to stick together on the long journey west."
Sarah felt a tiny spark of hope and comfort at the idea of having a friend. Maybe she wasn't so alone after all. As they began reading together, Sarah still felt out of place and insecure, but she held onto the budding friendship like a lifeline. It would be a long journey, full of hardships, but for the first time she could remember, she had a glimmer of hope that things might turn out alright.
The early days on the trail were an adjustment for Sarah, both physically and emotionally. She constantly feared she was a burden passed unwanted between the families in the wagon train. At night, curled up alone under a scratchy blanket, she yearned achingly for the comfort and security of her mother's arms around her. Whenever the wagon train made stops, Sarah hung back uncertainly from the other children laughing and playing, unsure of her welcome. The foreign feeling of her new boots rubbed painfully with every step, a bleak reminder that charity from others was the only reason she had them.
Yet bright spots began to appear, little by little. There was Elizabeth who greeted her with a warm smile each morning and shared her doll, something Sarah never had before. At night around the campfire, Elizabeth's mother Miss Susan noticed Sarah alone and started beckoning her over, ladling her an extra helping of the dinner stew with a twinkle in her eye. Mr. Tom the wagon train leader began asking for her help with small tasks like collecting kindling, praising her efforts and hard work.
With each small gesture of inclusion and value, Sarah felt the knot of fear and insecurity in her stomach start to unfurl slightly. She still had moments of profound grief, loneliness and uncertainty. But as the miles rolled by, she began to feel the faintest roots of belonging and hope taking hold in the parched soil of her heart. The trail was long and the future uncertain, but she was starting to believe that maybe, just maybe, she would find her place out west - not just a place to live, but a place to be loved.
As she entered the schoolhouse, the other children turned to look at her curiously. Sarah lowered her gaze, her cheeks flushing with embarrassment and shame at her ragged appearance compared to their neat clothes. She found an empty seat in the back and sat down, hoping to disappear.
When the teacher asked the class to take out their readers, Sarah felt her stomach drop. She didn't have any books or supplies of her own. Tears threatened behind her eyes as she sat empty-handed.
"Here Sarah, we can share mine," whispered the girl next to her with a kind smile, sliding her book between them. Sarah looked at her, surprised by the unexpected friendly gesture. "I'm Elizabeth. My family is traveling out to Oregon. Where are you headed?"
"Oregon too, I think," Sarah replied quietly. "I...I don't really have a family. My ma died and I never knew my pa. I don't have any brothers or sisters."
Elizabeth's eyes softened with sympathy and understanding. "I'm sorry. That must be really hard. Well, I can be your friend! Us girls need to stick together on the long journey west."
Sarah felt a tiny spark of hope and comfort at the idea of having a friend. Maybe she wasn't so alone after all. As they began reading together, Sarah still felt out of place and insecure, but she held onto the budding friendship like a lifeline. It would be a long journey, full of hardships, but for the first time she could remember, she had a glimmer of hope that things might turn out alright.
The early days on the trail were an adjustment for Sarah, both physically and emotionally. She constantly feared she was a burden passed unwanted between the families in the wagon train. At night, curled up alone under a scratchy blanket, she yearned achingly for the comfort and security of her mother's arms around her. Whenever the wagon train made stops, Sarah hung back uncertainly from the other children laughing and playing, unsure of her welcome. The foreign feeling of her new boots rubbed painfully with every step, a bleak reminder that charity from others was the only reason she had them.
Yet bright spots began to appear, little by little. There was Elizabeth who greeted her with a warm smile each morning and shared her doll, something Sarah never had before. At night around the campfire, Elizabeth's mother Miss Susan noticed Sarah alone and started beckoning her over, ladling her an extra helping of the dinner stew with a twinkle in her eye. Mr. Tom the wagon train leader began asking for her help with small tasks like collecting kindling, praising her efforts and hard work.
With each small gesture of inclusion and value, Sarah felt the knot of fear and insecurity in her stomach start to unfurl slightly. She still had moments of profound grief, loneliness and uncertainty. But as the miles rolled by, she began to feel the faintest roots of belonging and hope taking hold in the parched soil of her heart. The trail was long and the future uncertain, but she was starting to believe that maybe, just maybe, she would find her place out west - not just a place to live, but a place to be loved.
The Story Explained Through the Wagon Method
The Wheels of Sarah's Well-Being: A Trauma-Informed Wagon Method Approach
Sarah's Wheels of Well-being have been severely compromised by the trauma and loss she has experienced. Her sense of safety and stability was shattered by her mother's death, leaving her feeling untethered and alone in the world. Thrust into an unfamiliar situation with the wagon train, surrounded by strangers, her need for love and acceptance is acute. She doubts her own value and identity, seeing herself as a ragged orphan and unwanted burden.
The contents of Sarah's wagon - her Grounded Experiences - are weighed down heavily by grief, fear, and uncertainty. The few precious memories she carries of her mother's love are clouded by the trauma of her loss. Experiences of abandonment and instability have likely left a mark.
Stepping into the schoolhouse is like rough terrain for Sarah. Social interactions feel treacherous as she braces for rejection or ridicule from the other children, hypervigilant to threats. Even basic things like not having supplies are perceived as evidence of her "otherness" and unworthiness, triggering shame.
Starting this new chapter with the wagon train is akin to fording a deep, frightening river crossing - Sarah doesn't know what dangers lurk beneath the surface or if she has the ability to make it across. The slightest misstep could sweep away the tentative new start she's been granted. Her self-protective instincts tell her to isolate, avoid and brace for the worst.
Amidst this, Elizabeth emerges as one wagon in Sarah's potential Nurturing Network. Her kindness and acceptance is a lifeline Sarah tentatively grasps. The warmth shown by Elizabeth's mother and the wagon train leader are unsteady boards Sarah tests her weight on, desperately hoping they don't give way and plunge her back into isolation.
With each small gesture of inclusion, Sarah's building blocks of trust and hope - so often eroded - are tentatively being stacked again. But her trauma and fears still cast long shadows. Even the physical sensation of her new boots is triggering - a reminder that without the pity and charity of relative strangers, she would have nothing.
Sarah's wagon has traversed such distances of grief and upheaval, it will take time, patience and many repeated experiences of acceptance and care for her to trust in her belongingness and worth. She is desperate for Advocates to step in as consistent positive forces amidst so much uncertainty.
With support to lighten her load of traumatic memories, a sense of psychological safety to come out from under her protective shell, and a growing Nurturing Network to uplift and accompany her, Sarah can begin to get her wheels turning on the long road to healing. There will still be setbacks, but she has the potential to emerge from her cocoon of insecurity into a resilient, connected and valued member of her new community.
Seen through the Wagon Method, Sarah's struggles and needs come into clearer focus, allowing her support system to target their efforts to help her navigate the rough terrain of her trauma and build an internal and external foundation to thrive. Though her past will always be part of her, with the right care and encouragement, Sarah's future can become defined not by the hardships she has endured, but by the person she is growing to be.
The contents of Sarah's wagon - her Grounded Experiences - are weighed down heavily by grief, fear, and uncertainty. The few precious memories she carries of her mother's love are clouded by the trauma of her loss. Experiences of abandonment and instability have likely left a mark.
Stepping into the schoolhouse is like rough terrain for Sarah. Social interactions feel treacherous as she braces for rejection or ridicule from the other children, hypervigilant to threats. Even basic things like not having supplies are perceived as evidence of her "otherness" and unworthiness, triggering shame.
Starting this new chapter with the wagon train is akin to fording a deep, frightening river crossing - Sarah doesn't know what dangers lurk beneath the surface or if she has the ability to make it across. The slightest misstep could sweep away the tentative new start she's been granted. Her self-protective instincts tell her to isolate, avoid and brace for the worst.
Amidst this, Elizabeth emerges as one wagon in Sarah's potential Nurturing Network. Her kindness and acceptance is a lifeline Sarah tentatively grasps. The warmth shown by Elizabeth's mother and the wagon train leader are unsteady boards Sarah tests her weight on, desperately hoping they don't give way and plunge her back into isolation.
With each small gesture of inclusion, Sarah's building blocks of trust and hope - so often eroded - are tentatively being stacked again. But her trauma and fears still cast long shadows. Even the physical sensation of her new boots is triggering - a reminder that without the pity and charity of relative strangers, she would have nothing.
Sarah's wagon has traversed such distances of grief and upheaval, it will take time, patience and many repeated experiences of acceptance and care for her to trust in her belongingness and worth. She is desperate for Advocates to step in as consistent positive forces amidst so much uncertainty.
With support to lighten her load of traumatic memories, a sense of psychological safety to come out from under her protective shell, and a growing Nurturing Network to uplift and accompany her, Sarah can begin to get her wheels turning on the long road to healing. There will still be setbacks, but she has the potential to emerge from her cocoon of insecurity into a resilient, connected and valued member of her new community.
Seen through the Wagon Method, Sarah's struggles and needs come into clearer focus, allowing her support system to target their efforts to help her navigate the rough terrain of her trauma and build an internal and external foundation to thrive. Though her past will always be part of her, with the right care and encouragement, Sarah's future can become defined not by the hardships she has endured, but by the person she is growing to be.
Supporting Research and Sources
1. On the characteristics of insecurity in children:
"Insecure children are characterized by a lack of self-confidence, a sense of helplessness, and a fear of negative evaluations from others. They may also exhibit a strong need for reassurance and approval from others, as well as a tendency to avoid challenging situations or opportunities for growth" (Brumariu & Kerns, 2010, p. 177).
2. On the role of trauma in the development of insecurity:
"Childhood trauma, such as abuse, neglect, or abandonment, can have a profound impact on a child's sense of security and self-worth. These experiences can lead to the development of insecure attachment patterns, characterized by a fear of rejection, difficulty trusting others, and a persistent sense of uncertainty about one's own value and place in the world" (Van der Kolk, 2014, p. 111).
3. On the impact of trauma on brain development and behavior:
"Trauma exposure in childhood has been linked to alterations in the stress response system, including increased production of stress hormones like cortisol and overactivation of the amygdala, the brain's fear center. These changes can lead to heightened sensitivity to perceived threats, difficulty regulating emotions, and a range of behavioral problems, such as aggression, withdrawal, or clinginess" (McLaughlin et al., 2019, p. 365).
4. On the relationship between trauma, insecurity, and emotional regulation:
"Children who have experienced trauma may struggle with emotional regulation due to impairments in the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for impulse control and the modulation of emotional responses. This can manifest as difficulty managing stress, controlling impulses, and maintaining healthy relationships, all of which can contribute to feelings of insecurity and fear" (Duros & Crowley, 2014, p. 237).
References:
Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2010). Mother-child attachment patterns and different types of anxiety symptoms: Is there specificity of relations? Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41(6), 663-674.
Duros, P., & Crowley, D. (2014). The body comes to therapy too. Clinical Social Work Journal, 42(3), 237-246.
McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019). Childhood adversity and neural development: A systematic review. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 277-312.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Viking.
"Insecure children are characterized by a lack of self-confidence, a sense of helplessness, and a fear of negative evaluations from others. They may also exhibit a strong need for reassurance and approval from others, as well as a tendency to avoid challenging situations or opportunities for growth" (Brumariu & Kerns, 2010, p. 177).
2. On the role of trauma in the development of insecurity:
"Childhood trauma, such as abuse, neglect, or abandonment, can have a profound impact on a child's sense of security and self-worth. These experiences can lead to the development of insecure attachment patterns, characterized by a fear of rejection, difficulty trusting others, and a persistent sense of uncertainty about one's own value and place in the world" (Van der Kolk, 2014, p. 111).
3. On the impact of trauma on brain development and behavior:
"Trauma exposure in childhood has been linked to alterations in the stress response system, including increased production of stress hormones like cortisol and overactivation of the amygdala, the brain's fear center. These changes can lead to heightened sensitivity to perceived threats, difficulty regulating emotions, and a range of behavioral problems, such as aggression, withdrawal, or clinginess" (McLaughlin et al., 2019, p. 365).
4. On the relationship between trauma, insecurity, and emotional regulation:
"Children who have experienced trauma may struggle with emotional regulation due to impairments in the development of the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for impulse control and the modulation of emotional responses. This can manifest as difficulty managing stress, controlling impulses, and maintaining healthy relationships, all of which can contribute to feelings of insecurity and fear" (Duros & Crowley, 2014, p. 237).
References:
Brumariu, L. E., & Kerns, K. A. (2010). Mother-child attachment patterns and different types of anxiety symptoms: Is there specificity of relations? Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41(6), 663-674.
Duros, P., & Crowley, D. (2014). The body comes to therapy too. Clinical Social Work Journal, 42(3), 237-246.
McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019). Childhood adversity and neural development: A systematic review. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 277-312.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Viking.